GENETIC MISHAP

The function of a protein depends largely on its shape. Proteins fold and refold into complex structures.

During protein minting and folding, mistakes do sometimes occur. the genetic message is mis-presented or mis-read. Or toxins may cause a disfigurement of the message of an already correctly configured protein. The result is the minting of aberrant molecules which constitute genotoxins or prion. Some of these is caused by the kind of raw materials available from digestion, assimilation and inhalation. Examples: the presence of certain radioactive molecules and hydrocarbons causes a "shift" in the message presented from the DNA.

At times, the "mistake" is from the deficiency of the right materials rather than the presence of the wrong ones. The ribosomes copies the mistakes; and more infectious materials are synthesized.
If a cell containing mis-configured genome gets involved in meiosis (the kind of cell division that produces reproductive germs), the micro-deformities are copied and embedded in the new genome.When a reproductive cell with such genome participates in reproductive fertilization, the genome of the embryo so produced is partly disordered or diseased. This is manifested in the individual as congenital presence of certain allergies (substance intolerance) and such diseases as hemophilia, hyper-anaemia (sickle-cell sickness), phenylketonuria (phenylalanine intolerance), et cetera. These may be completely indiscernible in physique.

Genotypic mistakes manifests visibly in phenotypic defficiencies (undeveloped or underdeveloped body parts) and redundancies (extra limbs). Some gene-based diseases are peculiar to cannibals. One example is the disease kuru.

Some gene-rooted diseases are results of limited gene pool; that's, reproduction through incestuous relationship; where closely related individuals are the only available procreative mates.

There is, probably, purpose in the diversity of races and ethnicities.